Nick Lioudis is a writer, multimedia professional, consultant, and content manager for Bread. He has also spent 10+ years as a journalist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia ...

Calculating returns from your stock portfolio can be a tricky matter, especially if some of your holdings pay dividends, or you make frequent deposits and withdrawals from your account. With Excel and ...

How to value the stock and bond markets and project future returns. My future return assumptions for stocks, bonds, and gold for 2020 and beyond. Investing ideas if return assumptions don't match up ...

A stock's historical variance measures the difference between the stock's returns for different periods and its average return. A stock with a lower variance typically generates returns that are ...

IRR calculates a project's average expected return by setting NPV to zero. Excel's XIRR function can compute project IRRs to help select profitable options. IRR overlooks cash flow accuracy and other ...

"Abnormal returns" is an important concept in academic finance, as well as in the investment management industry.Let's go over how to calculate an abnormal return for a stock using stock prices and ...

Use the Gordon Growth Model for dividend stocks, requiring consistent dividend history and growth. Calculate non-dividend stock growth using CAGR, focusing on stocks with reliable growth. Economic ...

Beta is the 2nd letter in the Greek alphabet, and the financial world uses it to refer to the sensitivity of an asset’s price compared to a specific index or benchmark. Beta is also used as a measure ...

You’re an entrepreneur and have put time, money, and effort into your business. You want a good return on investment for all your work. Who wouldn’t? But knowing your ROI isn’t as straightforward as ...